Harvard Business Review -Porter Model Essays

Harvard Business Review - Porter Model Essays Harvard Business Review - Porter Model Essay Harvard Business Review - Porter Model Essay Infosys Consulting (ICI) rose up out of Infosys Technologies as a business and data innovation counseling firm with a remarkable system. ICI applied Infosys’ Global Delivery Model (GDM) to counseling and utilized the parent company’s customer connections to achieve ventures. In light of 24-hour workforce and less expensive seaward work, ICI’s methodology permits them to reduce down expenses and usage time for ventures. While the parent organization offers key preferences, ICI and Infosys regularly conflict because of cover in the two organizations capacities to finish client commitment. In spite of the fact that ICI and Infosys are independent substances the two work intently together, in this manner both must endeavor to interface with each other. ICI’s extraordinary association and procedure makes a worth chain which separates them from their rivals and delivers incredible advantages for their customers. ICI made the GDM esteem chain for their counseling administrations, the â€Å"1-1-3 model,† which comprised of giving the customer one on location ICI asset, one on location Infosys Technologies asset, and three seaward Infosys Technologies assets. This model permits ICI to reduce expenses with a mixed pace of $100 every hour because of the less expensive work of the seaward assets. Using the seaward assets additionally permits ICI to abbreviate the length of the task from structure to usage as somebody can be taking a shot at the venture the entire hours of the day. During the day, the on location group works with the customer to watch the company’s forms and make a plan. During the night, the seaward group can chip away at changing over the plan into programming design which would then be able to be given and tried the customer the following day. : This permits the group to finish the task a lot quicker than if the whole group was in a similar time region and permits the customer to give day by day contribution to what they need at long last. The 1-1-3 methodology improved ICI’s operational adequacy as they played out a similar execution quicker than significant adversaries like IBM or Accenture. IBM and Accenture, who center endeavors with inland delegates, can only with significant effort actualize a 24-hour work plan. Their attention on coastal agents additionally drives them to charge higher mixed rates, extending from $175 to $225. IBM and Accenture can only with significant effort reposition themselves to coordinate ICI’s procedure as they would need to downsize their US nearness. Driving seaward counseling organizations likewise can only with significant effort execute ICI’s methodology of making a US auxiliary as they presently are overseen through their innovation organizations. Imitating ICI’s structure requires huge interest in selecting which these organizations didn't have promptly accessible. To utilize ICI’s 1-1-3 model, ICI made a few tradeoffs. One tradeoff is the consequence of executing the GDM with 24-hour workdays. Utilizing a 24-hour workday implies that gatherings can be planned consistently of the day regularly making representatives be extended flimsy. Representatives can't work â€Å"normal† work hours as they are required across many time regions. ICI additionally made a tradeoff between utilizing ease seaward work and having clear correspondence among on location and offsite laborers. This powers specialists to work past typical business hours and plan for time contrasts. ICI decided to make this tradeoff since this procedure fits well with the remainder of their worth chain. Exercises finished by seaward workers short-term permit inland representatives to begin every the very beginning above and beyond all the while and push ahead in the structure cycle. Along these lines the two arrangements of exercises, both inland and seaward, strengthen each other and the organization can streamline their endeavors. ICI likewise made a tradeoff when it went to their counseling charges. ICI could charge high rates like IBM and Accenture, along these lines taking a higher net revenue, however ICI was eager to forfeit benefit in the present moment for a higher piece of the pie in the long haul. Infosys Technology made a channel for ICI to draw in clients as Infosys, with a built up brand and not insignificant rundown of past clients, alluded their clients to ICI. Infosys‘ vital requirements based situating was the fundamental explanation behind making ICI. In making ICI, Infosys endeavored to fulfill a bigger division of their customers’ innovation needs. ICI originated from Infosys distinguishing the chance to work for the customer prior, to characterize issues, make arrangements, and actualize them. Nonetheless, pressures rose among ICI and Infosys Technologies’ Enterprise Solutions specialty units over which substance would lead customer connections and commitment. ICI is a totally isolated substance with its own way of life, administration, and development; this made a separation among ICI and the parent organization. ICI and Infosys continually take a shot at improving correspondence and joint effort between each other as it is principal to the achievement of the association. In any case, while this partition exists it will stay one of ICI’s biggest shortcomings. Infosys must keep on putting resources into their worth chain to maintain and make an upper hand. Infosys at present puts resources into making auxiliaries, for example, ICI in the US, in different nations to extend their business. A significant piece of making these auxiliaries is putting resources into top level ability enlistment, ICI the board attempts to select MBA graduates and execute a referral-based framework to focus on the main 10 percent of experts from different firms. ICI met and took on about portion of the representatives from Infosys’ unique counseling division yet the general objective was to make an increasingly various work power and recruit from inside the neighborhood nation. ICI likewise attempted to grow the quantity of experts in nations like China and Australia to expand their worldwide reach. Our activity intend to improve ICI’s serious position begins with putting more cash in promoting to improve the brand name of ICI. One of the points of interest IBM and Accenture have is their solid image reliability, acknowledgment and worldwide customer base. ICI additionally needs to set up themselves as a contender, hold their customers and make their points of interest to their clients known. ICI puts time and vitality into fulfilling their clients and ought to publicize these advantages. ICI is one of a kind in their worth based valuing, which permits cost to be founded on measurements that decide accomplishment from the client’s point of view. Once in a while commitment are organized to such an extent that ICI gets paid dependent on the result of the task and whether these measurements were accomplished. This technique guarantees that the customer will get what they need and pay for what they get. Our activity plan additionally incorporates unmistakably characterizing the area of ICI comparable to Infosys Technologies. One chance is to consolidate the Infosys Technologies’ Enterprise Business Solutions unit into ICI, disposing of issues with putting commitment. This issue could likewise be explained by unmistakably characterizing a technique to order a customer commitment under ICI or Infosys. Another thing to do is to bring together the administration among ICI and Infosys to wipe out grinding on interfacing. This should be possible by building up a correspondence system or by making a typical authority group. Explaining space issues and binding together initiative will assist with bettering build up a general culture at ICI and make them progressively fruitful later on.

Pride and Prejudice Analysis Essay

Elizabeth Bennet gets two proposition; one from Mr Collins and one from Mr Darcy. Mr Collins was a tall and overwhelming looking man of a quarter century. Despite the fact that he was considerate and respectful he was likewise bombastic and had a self-swelled sense of self. He generally made ‘never finishing discourses about nothing’ and exhausted everybody to death. Mr Collins complimented everybody continually except once in a while improperly. ‘He asked to know which of his reasonable cousins the greatness of it’s cooking was owed.’ - By this, Mrs Bennet was annoyed and guaranteed him they were in actuality ready to keep a decent cook. This demonstrated his absence of judgment in when to commend. He was additionally very foolish and Mr Bennet’s mockery frequently went totally unnoticed. For instance, on page 54, Mr Bennet inquired as to whether his adulations were readied and Mr Collins conceded that occasionally he would consider them for his delight! Woman Catherine de Bourgh who was his patroness utilized him. He cowered to her continually as she paid his direction; as a result of her, he was center/high society. He was a minister at Hunsford close Rosings, Lady Catherine de Bourgh’s home. At the point when Mr Bennet passes on, Mr Collins will acquire Longburn, as Mr Bennet can't go out to his significant other; ladies couldn’t acquire. In Mr Collins’ letter, he proposes to make harmony with the family. Mr Darcy then again was excellent looking. ‘He before long drew the consideration of the room by his fine tall individual, attractive highlights, honorable mien†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He is likewise depicted as ‘a fine figure of a man’. In any case, he was destined to be found to be ‘proud over his company’. He was sharp, and yet he was ‘haughty, held and fastidious’. He possessed Pemberly Estate and got one thousand per year. - He was privileged and he knew it; ‘He had seen an assortment of individuals in whom there was little magnificence and no style for none of whom he had felt the littlest interest.’ Darcy and Bingley had a decent companionship in spite of numerous distinctions. ‘Bingley made certain of being loved any place he showed up; Darcy was consistently giving offence.’ Darcy had no comical inclination and let it be known. He couldn’t see the interesting side of life while Bingley was carefree and jumped at the chance to appreciate all that he did. In the past Wickam and Darcy had a difference. Mr Darcy’s father had guaranteed Wickam a spot in the congregation yet when he kicked the bucket Darcy would not support him. Mr Collins first indications on his tentative arrangements in quite a while letter to the Bennets when he composes; ‘I can't be in any case than worried at the methods for harming your genial girls, and ask leave to apologize for it, just as to guarantee you of my availability to make them each conceivable amends.’ On the principal day of remaining at Longburn, he, in a discussion to Mrs Bennet said; ‘I can guarantee the youngsters that I come arranged to appreciate them.’ - Here he gave Mrs Bennet a little look at his aims. Jane Austin at that point parted with it saying that currently having a decent house and salary; Mr Collins was in need of a spouse. He was likewise satisfying Catherine de Bourgh who figured he ought to wed. So for the primary night Jane was the settled decision being the oldest, however the prettiest - this was, until he was educated by Mrs Bennet that she was destined to be locked in to Bingley (misrepresentation). At that point at the Netherfield Ball he asked Lizzy to move a few times and she understood she was the divinely selected individual out of the five sisters. Mr Darcy then again was a long way from appreciating Lizzy from the start and when Mr Bingley proposed he hit the dance floor with her at the Meryton Ball he answered that he had not minimal expectation of moving. - Bingley was hitting the dance floor with the main gorgeous young lady in the room. Here he was alluding to Jane. He said Lizzy was ‘tolerable, yet not attractive enough to entice me.’ At that point at Sir William Lucas’s party, William attempted to combine up both of them and Darcy didn't avoid, however Lizzy got over him with; ‘I have not minimal aim of dancing.’ - this was take care of. It was at this gathering Darcy understood his actual affections for her. At Netherfield when Jane went to remain, she became sick and Lizzy being concerned dropped by. Here, she saw that Darcy was continually watching her. Miss Bingley who subtly enjoyed Darcy, in observing that he was attracted to Lizzy attempted to turn him against her. Yet, all futile, for whatever she stated, he simply stood up for Elizabeth. Miss Bingley, in Mr Darcy’s shielding her said; ‘I am apprehensive Mr Darcy that this experience has rather influenced your reverence for her fine eyes.’ I think when she says this she’s half-prodding and half envious of him preferring her. Before proposing, Mr Collins said to Mrs Bennet, ‘May I trust madam, for your enthusiasm with your reasonable little girl Elizabeth, when I request for the respect of a private crowd with her over the span of this morning?’ - Here, he was essentially asking Mrs Bennet’s consent to propose. He at that point propelled straight into his ‘speech’. Mr Darcy dropped by Lizzy and from the start made light discussion, getting some information about her wellbeing. At that point there was a cumbersome quietness where he more likely than not been attempting to consider how to begin before continuing. - Differences are as of now appearing on the other side. Mr Collins previously said he’d picked Lizzy nearly when he’d met her (which was an untruth) and proceeded to determine his explanations behind wedding her. He, as a pastor needed to set a guide to the remainder of the area, he figured it would make his upbeat and he was following Lady Catherine de Bourgh’s exhortation. He’d clearly planed out his discourse cautiously however in his reasons, he had not referenced that he was enamored with her! Darcy then again offered his submit marriage since he loved her and his initial sentence communicated this unmistakably; ‘In vain I have battled. It won't do. My sentiments won't be curbed. You should permit me to reveal to you how I respect and love you.’ Mr Collins additionally made a few affront to Lizzy when proposing to her without acknowledging it! For example, he said that in the event that she cannot, she my never get another offer. He likewise advises her that in the event that she remains single, all she may ever be qualified for is twenty-five pounds when her mom kicks the bucket. Darcy put his foot in it as well. In the wake of saying the amount he adored her, he proceeded to state that it was not his desire to do as such with her associations and status; ‘His feeling of inadequacy - of the family obstructions which judgment had consistently restricted to inclination.’ At the point when he was turned down he thought she was simply outraged; ‘Could you anticipate that me should celebrate in the inadequacy of your associations? - To compliment myself on the desire for relations, your connections?’ He additionally confessed to attempting to separate Jane and Darcy and even ‘rejoiced’ in his achievement of doing as such. In light of dismissal, Mr Collins thinks Lizzy is acting shy and says this is not out of the ordinary of a woman. He proceeds to express all the great materialistic motivations to wed him neglecting to specify things like love. He goes about as though wedding would be a wise speculation for Lizzy or something. He at that point guaranteed her that both of her folks affirmed of the marriage. Mr Darcy in light of dismissal is stunned and furious however figures out how to control himself. He inquired as to why he had been cannot and figured she should be affronted by what he had said before; ‘Could you anticipate that me should cheer in the mediocrity of your connections?’ In any case, in the wake of saying these words he acknowledged her answer. The two proposition were made for altogether different reasons; Mr Collins clearly proposed for accommodation, though Mr Darcy was enamored. The two men additionally responded in various manners when turned down; despite the fact that Mr Collins couldn’t take the dismissal, he was not really made a big deal about something besides having his male pride hurt. - Darcy more likely than not been very disturbed, to him Lizzy was the lady he needed to spend a mind-blowing remainder with yet he did whatever it takes not to show his feelings. The two of them included a great deal of snootiness in their proposition addresses. They imagined that Lizzy would not dismiss somebody of the higher class and she should be appreciative that she was picked out of the various young ladies; both reminded her continually about her status. Mr Collins was progressively close to home referencing both what might happen when her mom and father passed on yet Lizzy got increasingly furious at Darcy in view of things he has said and done before. Mr Collins and Mr Darcy both said in much detail all the upsides and downsides of the marriage. Taking everything into account, the two recommendations have a few similitudes however they contrast in the basic prerequisite of affection.

Word Count Goal Counter for Writers

Word Count Goal Counter for Writers Weve added some new tools to Word Counter which were hoping will be beneficial to all those using our word count tool. One of these new features is the countdown goal counter. This feature allows writers to set a word (character, sentence or paragraph) count goal they need to reach or must stay under in their writing. This feature is simple to use. Click on the Goal button directly above where you place text into Word Counter. Once done, a small Set Goal screen will appear which will say, Enter the number of characters, words, sentences or paragraphs you want to set a goal. In the first space, you place the goal number to write, then choose words, characters, sentences or paragraphs. You must also choose whether this amount is a minimum (you want to write at least this many words) or a maximum (you dont want to write over this many words). Once you have entered these three pieces of information, press the Set button and youll be back to the main page, but just to the right of the Goal button will be a counter with the goal you just set. As words (characters, sentences or paragraphs) are added in the writing space, the goal counter will display the number of words (characters, sentences or paragraphs) still needed to be written to hit the goal. Once your goal is reached when you set a minimum amount, the counter will turn green to let you know youve succeeded. If you set a limit with a maximum amount, the counter will turn red to let you know if you exceed the number. This feature can prove to be quite useful for a number of different writers. For example, students who have a writing assignment with a minimum number of words can plug that number into the goal setter so they will know when they have written enough for the assignment. It can also be used to make sure you dont go over a certain number of words such as if you need to write a college application essay of no more than 1,000 words. Its also a great feature for those who are trying to write a certain number of words on a daily basis. Using the goal setter will allow the writer to know where she stands in relation to her daily goal. For some writers, it can also be seen as an excellent motivational tool. Those who are aiming to write more can use the tool to set a specific goal, and then they can watch as they get closer and closer to their set goal. Watching this number decrease as they write can be encouraging, and help encourage writers meet a daily minimum word count.

Praying Mantis Egg Case

Have you ever found a brown, polystyrene-like mass on a shrub in your garden? As the leaves begin to fall in autumn, people often find these odd-looking formations on their garden plants and wonder what they are. Many people guess that its a cocoon of some kind. Although this is a sign of insect activity, its not a cocoon. This foamy structure is the egg case of a praying mantis (an insect in the family Manidae). Soon after mating, a female praying mantis deposits a mass of eggs on a twig or other suitable structure. She may lay just a few dozen eggs or as many as 400 at one time. Using special accessory glands on her abdomen, the mother mantis then covers her eggs with a frothy substance, which hardens quickly to a consistency similar to polystyrene. This egg case is called an ootheca. A single female mantis may produce several oothecae (the plural of ootheca) after mating just once. Praying mantises typically lay their eggs in late summer or fall, and the young develop within the ootheca over the winter months. The foamy case insulates the offspring from the cold and provides them with some protection from predators. Tiny mantis nymphs hatch from their eggs while still inside the egg case. Depending on environmental variables and the species, the nymphs may take three to six months to emerge from the ootheca. In spring or early summer, the young praying mantises make their way out of the protective foam case, hungry and ready to hunt other small invertebrates. They immediately begin to disperse in search of food. If you find an ootheca in the fall or winter, you may be tempted to bring it indoors. Be forewarned that the warmth of your home will feel like spring to the baby mantises waiting to emerge. You probably dont want 400 miniature praying mantises running up your walls. If you do collect an ootheca in the hope of watching it hatch, keep it in your refrigerator to simulate winter temperatures, or better yet, keep it in an unheated shed or detached garage. When spring arrives, you can place the ootheca in a terrarium or box to observe the emergence. But dont keep the young mantises confined. They emerge in hunting mode and will eat their siblings without hesitation. Let them disperse in your garden, where they will help with pest control. Its usually possible to identify the specific species of mantid by its egg case. If youre interested in identifying an egg case you find, check out Bugguide.net, an online community of naturalists who continually share images of insects, spiders, and other related creatures they find in North America. Here you will find numerous photographs of the most common mantid oothecae found in North America. The egg case  at the beginning of this article is from a Chinese mantis (Tenodera sinensis  sinensis). This species is a native of China and other parts of  Asia but is now well established in North America. Commercial biocontrol suppliers sell Chinese mantis egg cases to gardeners and nurseries who want to use mantises for pest control. Sources Carolina Mantid Ootheca. North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, nationalsciences.org. Accessed 15 Sept. 2014. Cranshaw, Whitney and Richard Redak. Bugs Rule! An Introduction to the World of Insects. Princeton University Press, 2013. Eiseman, Charley and Noah Charney. Tracks Sign of Insects and Other Invertebrates. Stackpole Books, 2010. Ootheca. Amateur Entomologists Society, www.amentsoc.org. Accessed 15 Sept. 2014. Ootheca. Museums Victoria.  museumsvictoria.com.au. Accessed 15 Sept. 2014. Praying Mantid Care Sheet. Amateur Entomologists Society, www.amentsoc.org. Accessed 15 Sept. 2014. Subspecies Tenodera sinensis - Chinese Mantis. Bugguide.net. Accessed 15 Sept. 2014.

The Siege Mentality Of The Bourgeoisie - 1494 Words

Thomas G. Pelham III IB World Literature Dr. Smith 20 May 2015 The Siege Mentality of the Bourgeoisie in Ibsen’s A Doll House By the time of Ibsen’s A Doll House (1879) the bourgeoisie was firmly established as the dominant class in Europe. To legitimize their power capitalists defined themselves against other classes, claiming they possessed inherent qualities justifying their position. A rigid moral system and social code reinforced class stratification. These structures also enforced conformity within, thus pressuring even the powerful to maintaining the appearance of conformity. The home was the fortress of the bourgeoisie. It was the location where social identity gained its greatest expression, but this controlled space that†¦show more content†¦This statement does two things. First, it connects the well being of the children with the need to prevent moral corruption. Second, it reinforces Nora’s role within the strict limits of child rearing. The attempt to gain distance from her children is both an attempt t o transcend the limiting role defined by propriety and an expression of her fear of her corrupting them. This links the fear of Krogstad’s moral corruption with the fear of Nora’s forgery and its transgression against social norms. This reifies the fear of poor parenting as Nora ultimately separates herself from the family in order to protect her children. However, the home also functioned as an indicator of class. Therefore there was extreme pressure to prevent penetration of the home by the outside world, and to preserve the ideal of domestic tranquility. Nora summarizes this, prior to the party, when she is talking about Krogstad’s letter: â€Å"You mustn’t read such things now; there mustn’t be anything ugly between us† (92). The wife is the symbol of domesticity. The home is moth a social limit and a space of feminine control. As a result â€Å"anything ugly between us† is analogous to ugliness between Torvald and his house. The domestic space may be controlled by the female, but it serves the husband. Torvald’s ideal home is invaded by â€Å"ugliness†. Krogstad’s letter is still in the mailbox and the loan still exists. What Torvald imagines is secure, is actually a tenuous set of power relations that

The Enlightenment Was A Time Of Rapid Changes That Took

The Enlightenment was a time of rapid changes that took place during the eighteenth century, for the most part. This period was marked by new ideas of politics and monarchs, religion, and social ideas. During this era of vast changes, literature was also influenced. Many writers were either for the new philosophies or against them. Molià ¨re and Voltaire were writers that were against the changes of the Enlightenment. They showcased this in their works Tartuffe and Candide. These works focused on the Enlightenment changes in society by religion and politics. The Enlightenment began in the seventeenth century according to Norton Anthology (3). The Norton Anthology to World Literature claims that the Enlightenment occurred due to the conflict†¦show more content†¦Another societal issue that was greatly challenged was the order in which things were kept. There had always been a code to follow or order to keep. During this period, these ideas were challenged because of the new ideas breaking through (Norton Anthology 3). The Enlightenment also had broad effects on religion. The first effect that the Enlightenment had on religion was the idea that people should consider the ideas that he/she was following and then decide is it was true or not. It would no longer require asking the priest for advice, one could make his/her own judgements and decisions using reason. There was no divine intervention (Norton Anthology 5-6). This idea of using reason to make decisions that were once based on religion changed many things. According to the Norton Anthology guide of World Literature, this concept of reason would lead back to the idea of eternal destiny. It was also during this time that the divine right was no longer regarded as truth. The divine right was the idea that God placed the king or queen into power that He wanted. This new way of thinking disregarded this (4-7). The other major religious group during this time were the deists. The deists, unlike other groups who turned to reason, validated the wick ed events taking place. The deists said that God created everything but simply watched what was taking place. He did not have any say in what took place. It was this religious philosophy that separated ethics and religionShow MoreRelatedOrigins Of The Twin Revolutions1287 Words   |  6 Pages1800 in Western Europe and maybe characterized as the product of the twin revolutions.† European colonization of the New World, the economic and political development of new territories led to significant changes in the political map. Modernity it is a complex of multi-faceted process that took a place in Europe during the 18th century and had covered all aspects of society. The modernity of the production meant the industrialization - is constantly growing use of machines. 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Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations. Answer: Introduction Samsung is a multinational company which is based in South Korea. The headquarters of the company are located in Samsung town, Seoul. The company comprises of various affiliated businesses. The company is the largest South Korean organization and most of its businesses are carried on under the brand name of Samsung. The company had been founded by Lee Beyung Chul in the year 1938 in form of a trading company. The organization expanded its business into area such as insurance retail securities and food processing in the next three decades. The electronic industry was entered upon by the company in the late 1960 whereas shipbuilding and construction was entered up on in 1970s. The subsequent growth of the company was derived from these areas of operation. The company has been separated into four groups following the death of its founder. The company serves around the whole world. It deals with product such as consumer electronics, medical equipment, ships, telecommunication equipment, home appliances and semiconductors. The company also provide services such as advertisement, hospitality, Communication Technology, Financial Services and retail. There around $500,000 working for Samsung all around the globe. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the corporate governance and ethics in relation to the organization. The paper identifies the board structure of the organization and then discusses the scandals in which the organization have been involved. The paper identifies the stakeholder of the company along with the discussion regarding guidelines provided by the Australian Securities Exchange in relation to corporate governance and then applies the guidelines to the current issues of the organization. The board of directors of Samsung Electronics comprises of five independent directors and four executive directors. With respect to article 542-8 provided in the Commercial Act the majority of the board is constituted by the independent directors. The Board comprises of experts from different fields so that they can direct their skills towards strategic and efficient decision making. Samsung Galaxy Note 7 scandal A big scandal had been faced by the organization in October 2016. The main reason of the scandal was that the organization rushed to launch their new mobile product which was Samsung Galaxy Note 7. As stated by the article from Business Insider Australia it was accepted by the organization that the design of the battery in relation to Samsung Galaxy Note 7 was at fault (Reporters 2017). This fault resulted in a major blow for the organization and was the most talked about issue in the smartphone industry in 2016. As the design of the smart phone was defective specifically related to its battery a few of the devices were subjected to overheating and therefore exploded. The explosion in addition took place in very sophisticated place such as aircrafts. Many individuals were also injured as the phone exploded while they were using it. After hearing several news related to the explosion of the smartphone the organization took a decision to recall all the smartphones of the model from the market. However the issue was further escalated when even after recalling the products and refurbishing the phones with new batteries which was supposed to be fix the problem the problem of overheating and explosion in the mobile phones continue to haunt the organization. The reputation of the organization which was very high after the launch of Samsung S6 edge and S7 edge took a huge hit in the smartphone industry. Hit by such reputational loss the decision makers of the organization in order to ensure that the reputation of the organization is refurbished decided to recall all the smart phones on the market one more time. This step was also taken in order to avoid any further accidents and complaints related to the smart phone from direct consumers. This decision was not financially feasible for the organization. The recall of the mobile phone from the market cost at the organization a huge revenue of 4.4 billion. The recall was made by the organization at a very critical time because just a week before Apple has launched its latest smartphone known as iPhone 7 and 7 plus in September when Apple conducts its annual launch event. A gamble was taken by Samsung that positive reviews in relation to the smartphone which included the feature of iris reading Technology would enhance the sale off the device. There was huge expectations among the agents of the organization who had relied on the profits made by the organization in the previous year with the help of its smartphones and the slowdown of sales for iPhones. The shares of the organization Rose by 1.4% however after the scandal the shares of the organization declined by 3.4%. The scandal raised significant doubt in the minds of the consumer whether to purchase any other smartphone manufactured by the organization or not as there was a risk that they might also have the same default. Samsung Galaxy Note 7 stakeholders All of Samsung customers from loyal to new, will be affected by these poor decisions. It will take allot of money to earn their trust. Samsung SGI is an affiliate and was the main battery supplier for Samsung Electronics up until this mess will now need to regain its footing. Amperex Technology Limited is the manufacturer of the replacement batteries that also failed. Phone carriers like Att, Verizon and T-Mobile have been missing out on projected revenue. Consumer safety associations and organizations like the U.S Consumer Product Safety Commission are stakeholders in the Note 7 recall. Apple Inc. is Samsungs only true competition and the iPhone 7 was preparing for the holiday rush, they also had an interconnected supply chain. This made Apple one of the largest stake holders behind the Samsung shareholders, who would need to clean up this mess and recoup their profits Australian Securities Exchange Guidelines The Australian security exchange sets out eight principles for organization towards good governance. Firstly the guidelines state that a solid Foundation with respect to management and oversight has to be laid by all organizations. This means that every organization has to establish and disclose the responsibility and roles of each member of its board and Management along with the procedure for evaluating and monitoring their operations. The board of directors are the brains of any organization and their decisions are the decisions of the organization therefore how they perform their respective responsibilities and duties have a significant effect on the growth of the organization. The council provides a recommendation that the board of any company has to be structured in such a way where value is added to the organization. The board of every organization should be of an appropriate size and must contain people having diverse skills so that they can manage the organization successfully by deploying their skill and diligence. If an organization does not have an appropriate composition of board along with people from diverse areas of knowledge it would not be able to handle different situations which an organization is subjected to in relation to its operations. In addition the ASX strictly provides that it is the responsibility of all organization to act in a ethical and responsible manner. The organization is operated through its directors and therefore the directors are required to observe the principle of ethics and morality in all the decisions with respect to the organization. Safeguarding the integrity with respect to corporate reporting is also a recommendation which has been provided by the ASX. Directors of an organization must take the process of Corporate reporting seriously and give utmost priority to its integrity. Independent and fair review of the reporting process have to be ensured by the directors of the organization. The director must be held accountable towards safeguarding the integrity of the organizations corporate reporting. It is the duty of all organization according to the ASX to make balanced and timely disclosures to the respected authority and the public. An organization is there for required to make timely and balance disclosure in relation to all matters which concerns the organization which would have a material effect on the value and price of its securities as expected by a reasonable person. The organization must keep appropriate respect to the rights of all shareholders. The process must be carried out by providing them relevant information along with facilities which would allow the shareholders to conveniently exercise the rights provided to them. One of the most important recommendation which has been provided by the ASX is in relation to identification and management of risk. The council provides that it is a responsibility of all organizations to bring into existence a strong risk management structure and periodically analyze how effective the structure is in relation to the identification management of risk. Lastly, the council recommends all organization to responsibly and fairly remunerate the directors as well as the employees. The organization must remunerate the directors sufficiently so that they are able to attract high quality directors and motivate other offices of the organization to make their interest consistent with the interest of the organization by creating value for the shareholders (Council 2007). Through the application of the above discuss principles in relation to the scandal Samsung has been in during the last year it can be provided that Samsung missed out on various recommendations made by the ASX. Firstly as identified above Samsung has an efficient Board which consists of four independent directors and four executive directors who have expert knowledge in the respective fields. However the organization failed to identify and manage risks properly which led to significant financial as well as reputational loss for the organization. In case there was a proper risk management Framework within the organization then the risk related to the smartphones would have been identified in its early stages and such a big Scandal would not have taken place. In addition when the smart phones have been recalled for the first time, a proper risk identification and management system would have been ensured that they are not be launched into the market until and unless all problems relate d to the smartphone have been addressed appropriately. However due to the lack such a structure within the organization in there were faulty decision taken by the directors which led to decline in the share price of the organization. Carrolls pyramid of corporate social responsibility Carroll had organized various corporate social responsibilities in form of a 4 layered pyramid model which was known as the pyramid of responsibilities. The four different responsibilities were categorized into ethical, legal, economical and philanthropic responsibilities (Ojo and Rosati 2016). This part of the paper analyses Governance of Samsung based on Carrolls model. In relation to philanthropic responsibilities the organization has launched several appliances and devices through there different divisions known as consumer electronics, IT and mobile communication and device solutions. Through this the organization is attempting to contribute resources towards the community to enhance the quality of life style and play a role in community development. The organization also indulges in various Charity events and ensures the maintenance of environment in order to comply with its corporate social responsibilities. The organization ensure that ethical responsibilities are significantly addressed by its management. For the purpose of addressing ethical responsibilities Samsung have initiated four programs. These programs ensure that the organization operates as a responsible corporate citizen. The organization has an audit system which ensures that it complies with all auditing requirements and no corruption takes place within the organization. Organization along with the regular auditing system also has a team of Cyber auditor's. The organization carries out anti corruption education program within it with respect to its employees and officers. The organization also has an auditing committee to identify and deal with any corruption within the organization. The organization have developed five principles to ensure that they comply with all legal responsibilities. The organization strives to comply with all ethical standards and legal provisions. The organization maintains a clean organization culture. It ensures that appropriate respect is provided to shareholders, employees and customers. The organization also acts towards the protection of the environment and the health and safety of its employees and consumers. The organization promises to act as a responsible corporate citizen in relation to its operations. Organization through its board of directors and financial Advisory Committee always tries to ensure that it operates in a way so as to generate profit in long term. The organization also strives to create long-term value to contribute towards a sustainable global economy as well as the development of its stakeholders. Conclusion According to the above discussed facts about Samsung it can be stated that it is a very large organization which operates by incorporating diverse cultures into it. The organization have been recently subjected to a significant scandal related to Samsung Galaxy Note 7. There was a mistake in relation to the decision making authorities of the organization as they fail to identify and manage the risk which arise out of the faulty design of the smartphone. However the way in which the organization is governed can never be doubted as the organization came back strongly against its reputation and financial losses and launched successfully Samsung S8 which became a huge success in the market. The Governance of the organization complies with the model provided by Carroll and therefore addresses all aspects of social responsibilities. It is recommended for the organization that it establishes a strong Risk Management Committee which would be able to identify risky situations before the hamper the organization and manage such situation if they have offered. The Risk Management Committee should comprise of independent directors so that it functions appropriately without any interference. The organization is doing well in the smartphone market and therefore it must not rush its mobile launches and wait until they have cleared all security related issues. References Carroll, A.B., 2016. Carrolls pyramid of CSR: taking another look.International journal of corporate social responsibility,1(1), p.3. Council, A.C.G., 2007. Corporate governance principles and recommendations. Ojo, M. and Rosati, P., 2016. Innovating Carroll's Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility (Presentation Slides). Reporters, T. (2017). Samsung apologises for Galaxy Note 7 and corruption scandals. [online] The Telegraph. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/03/24/samsung-apologises-agm-galaxy-note-7-corruption-scandals/ [Accessed 30 Oct. 2017]. Samsung.com (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/investor_relations/corporate.../boardofdirectors/ [Accessed 30 Oct. 2017]. Samsung.com. (2017). About Samsung - SAMSUNG IR - Corporate Governance - Ownership Structure. [online] Available at: https://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/ir/corporategovernance/ownershipstructure/IR_OwnershipStructure1.html [Accessed 30 Oct. 2017]. Samsung.com. (2017). Stakeholders. [online] Available at: https://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/investor_relations/corporate_governance/corporatesocialresponsibility/downloads/Stakeholder.pdf [Accessed 30 Oct. 2017].

Safety over Freedom free essay sample

By giving up a percentage of freedom, people in turn receive safety by creating restrictive laws, dealing punishments, and developing intricate procedures as seen when governments have dealt with drug use, terrorism, and vehicular management. Time and time again philosophers have come to agreement that a social contract exists. In this social contract people allow government to rule over them to create order because man’s general state of nature is as unruly as it is brutish. To be completely free would not be ideal to any society in existence; complete anarchy would engulf nations and cause terrible destruction. The pursuit of safety is driven by fear creating better conditions for the majority over whatever an individual would prefer. Every introduction of a new controlled substance that is used recreationally always creates a scare in the health department, as well as the government. Ketamine is a drug which is generally used as horse tranquilizer, but also began to be used recreationally. We will write a custom essay sample on Safety over Freedom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The recreational use was legal for a while until the effects of the drug where examined. Governments immediately took action to outlaw this drug as it causes significant damage to the body and clouds judgment leading to negative, dire consequences such as aggressiveness and violence. People’s freedom to intake whatever they pleased was infringed upon as laws were passed to give this drug its illegal status all in the name or protecting others. Terrorism has greatly shaped the way America is governed now. Safety was threatened; therefore drastic measures were taken which sacrificed a great deal of freedom. Most American adults recall where they were at the time of 9/11. After the 9/11 strike everyone in the United States feared for the future as they were anxious about whether or not such other attacks would ensue. The government placed heavy security in airports after that. People were being thoroughly checked, searched, and some may say violated. People’s sense of freedom was disregarded when it came to ensuring safety. People were still free to fly as airports were not shut down, but they were obligated to go through many procedures that invaded their privacy, which is a huge part of freedom. Driving has become much safer over a short course of time as engineers have developed new technologies and the government has cracked down on how people should behave when driving. Before it used to be that texting, and eating were allowed. Now people are not free to do those things or else drivers will be punished and fined. Looking at the big picture, at least people are free to drive the streets but only as long as they follow rigid sets of rules. Nobody really drives the way they would like to drive. If people drove the way they felt like driving there would be a significant increase in accidents and mortality rates for drivers would decrease, of course. Safety is more important and free will was disregarded with reason. Drivers, passengers, pedestrians and anyone else roaming the streets would be afraid to live in a world where people drove however they pleased. â€Å"The average man does not want to be free, he simply wants to be safe. † H. L. Menchekn has history to clearly back his point. People have always wanted to create some type of order to increase safety even if not completely free. Laws to render many drugs illegal have been passed to create more safety for communities because drugs are closely associated with violence and aggressive behavior. Driving laws are so strict and there are now so many things drivers do not have the freedom to do in order to create safer streets for everyone. Events like 9/11 have struck the nation hard and the government swiftly took action to provide more safety no matter what freedoms they were stripping from people. People are pushed towards restrictions and safety procedures as they fear possibilities; more order is created with society as everything becomes generally safer even if individuals’ free wills are overshadowed.

How to Write a Business Report with Skill and Ease

How to Write a Business Report with Skill and Ease Dorothy Park once said, "I hate writing. I love having written." You might feel the same way, but unfortunately, you can't get one without doing the other. The pressure is even higher if you're writing a business report. The deadline is tight, facts and figures need to be found and checked, and everything has to fit into a format that helps your reader understand complex information easily. And, decisions will be made based on this business report. It's enough to make you scratch your head wondering where to start. Here is the secret: focus on planning thoroughly before you start writing. In our report writing course, we emphasize that 50% of the work of a business report focuses on planning. If you're not sure how to write a business report, follow these important steps and the process will be easier, faster, and more successful. Organize Your Thoughts Most business reports involve a combination of past developments, upcoming trends, and predictions and recommendations. But the information you present has to have a logical sequence that makes it easier for readers to follow. A typical business report starts with a main theme, followed by a series of insights to support it, and ends with a conclusion. Many reports will also include an executive summary, a series of recommendations or next steps, and maybe a list of key takeaways and highlights. The best way to start your report is to outline or concept map how you want to present the information. If you already know the theme, gather the facts that supports it and list it in order of importance, and tier supporting information. Or maybe you have the information you need, but don't know how to assemble it. In either case, people who know how to write a business report know that organization is the first step to writing. Do Your Research Business Writers who already have much knowledge or data are lucky - they've shortened their research time considerably. But, most writers are responsible for finding their own facts and analyzing them. In a business report, never start with an assumption. A business report needs to be based entirely upon the facts, findings and data - not a preconceived expectation or recommendation. Research always drives findings. The more sources to choose from, the better. Company documents can provide information about corporate activities, while industry research is a great source for information on the trends and challenges expected to impact your company and its competitors. Online publications and other sources can provide insight on how certain world events will impact the business climate. The more information you have, the easier it is to create a narrative for your business report. Don't forget to cite your sources; readers want to know where this important data came from and it lends credibility to your work. Use Clear, Simple Language Those who know how to write a business report know that the best explanation is a clear and simple one. Beginning writers tend to use jargon, long words, and complex sentences to make their point. In the end, their readers get bored, and their point gets lost. Your goal is to explain the business climate and opportunity, not win a poetry contest. Business writing is about presenting straightforward facts, so use straightforward language: Use simple words and phrases. If readers have to use a thesaurus to understand you, they won't keep reading. Avoid jargon from your company. Not everyone is an insider, but they still need to understand your concepts. Break up your text into smaller sentences and paragraphs. Frequent pauses keep readers interested. Use headers and subheaders to organize the text by main ideas. The outline or concept map you created in Step 1 is a good starting point. It's okay if you don't yet know how to write a business report - everyone has to start somewhere. But before you start, take time to think about what you want to say and find a clear, organized way to say it. If business report writing is a job requirement, consider a business report writing course.

Analyzing Financial Statements of Actual U.S. Companies Term Paper

Analyzing Financial Statements of Actual U.S. Companies - Term Paper Example Finally, the analysis will be relied on to determine in which company to $ 20,000. Back in the seventies, the airline industry in the U.S was highly regulated. During the period, the government implemented strict policies to new entrants. The regulations put by the government set very high standards, which attracted more entry fee. As a result, the entry into the industry became more expensive. Potential entrants withdrew their entry plans. The consequences of the strict regulations were low competition, high prices, reduced quality of the airline services and decline in sales volume. Since the U.S. Government lifted the regulations, the entry of new players has been on the rise. Competition in the industry has increased leading to a rise in services standards. The quality of airline services increased as the competition grew tight. Companies had to improve their competitive standards, and one of the effective competitive strategies is constant quality delivery. Deregulation of the airline industry lead to the reduction of the fare prices, which made the airline s ervices more affordable (Airline Deregulation, Revisited par. 1-7). Currently, most airline companies have a new plan that most analysts refer to as anti-competitive strategies. The consolidation strategy that has seen many airline companies merge is not supported by various authorities such as the Department of Transport. Companies following companies have merged into one: Air Trans merged with Southwest, the American airline merged with U.S Airways, United airline merged with Continental among other examples. The recent consolidation causes many fears as it could lead to monopoly. As a result, in 2013, the District of Columbia and Antitrust Division’s civil enforcement program legally challenged the consolidation strategy on the grounds that free competition and the quality level of services would be compromised (Airline Deregulation, Revisited par.

Public meeting paper (about Urban Planning) Essay

Public meeting paper (about Urban Planning) - Essay Example One of the council members, Kolby Glanville, wanted to make a statement even before the motion for the minutes was moved. The mayor had to disrupt him to let the first motion carry on. The council member could have waited to make a statement for the sake of order in the house. His argument was, however, valid as the rest of the people in attendance were in favor of him carrying on with his statement (Clerk A1). The Councilmember was requesting the approval of minutes A1 and A4 of the previous meeting as there would be difficulty in moving all the other motions at the same time. Several people with construction and engineering companies participated in the meeting. Wilson Engineering had a senior member of the company attend the meeting to talk and defend themselves against the extension of their tender. I did not expect any member of a company to come attend the meeting hence surprised. The city council encouraged all people to attend the meetings as a way of sharing opinions on how to make the city grow and improve on its infrastructural development. Other companies also had their CEOs in attendance, and it was such a pleasure to be attending the same meeting with the people. Most of the CEOs had to leave the meeting as soon as their matter was addressed probably because of the busy schedules. Persons with disabilities have a special place for them to sit according to their disabilities. Many disabled people attended the meeting. They were more than I expected to attend. The disabled are highly encouraged to attend public meetings and address any issue of the city they have. Journalists were also present at the councils session from different media houses. The Mayor would give the public to raise any issue they had or a project they would like to carry out for the city. One of the public speakers was a lady who got the chance to talk about after school programs and adopting a resolution towards its development. The lady was allowed to speak,

An analysis of sigmund freuds level of consciousness Essay Example for Free

An analysis of sigmund freuds level of consciousness Essay Sigmund Freud, born in 1856, was an Austrian neurologist and physiologist. Today, Freud is known as â€Å"one of the most influential and authoritative thinkers of the twentieth century†(Berger). Throughout his lifetime, which had ended in September of 1939, Freud had many theories, however, his most well known as the â€Å"psychoanalytic theory of personality development,† which argued that the human psyche is divided into three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. In the novel Lord of the Flies, many readers believed that the author, William Goldberg, applied Freud’s theory to the characters in the book. Based off of Sigmund Freud’s â€Å"psychoanalytic theory of personality development,† Jack Merridew was the id in the story, while Piggy was the superego, and Ralph was the ego. According to Freud’s theory, the id relies directly on instinct as they go through life, ignoring the logistics of reality and the possible consequences. Freud gives an example of an id by comparing it to an infant, who often demands immediate satisfaction, and will react poorly if their needs are not immediately fulfilled. In Lord of the Flies, Jack Merridew is a representation of how a newborn child with power and motor skills could act. When Jack and his hunters leave to hunt for pig and neglected his fireside duties, there is a connection with Freud’s theory. Jack did what would give him direct pleasure, which was, at the time, to hunt. However, because of Jack’s needs, the fire had been allowed to go out and the boys missed one of their only opportunities of rescue, as a ship traveled by the island, but there was no signal smoke. This event highlights Jack’s connections to the id because he had no consideration or thought of what the outcome would be if he was constantly caught up in his own needs. Another time when Jack’s actions relate to Freud’s theory is when the boys are having an assembly to discuss the best sightings. During the assembly, Jack attempts to take Ralph’s power away by causing a disturbance and questioning Ralph’s leadership in front of the whole group. Once again breaking the rules of the conch, Jack shouts, â€Å"And you shut up! Who are you, anyway? Sitting there telling people what to do. You can’t hunt, you can’t sing—†(Golding 91). Clearly, Jack is challenging Ralph’s authority in an attempt to shift it to himself, ignoring the fact that Ralph is a better leader. Jack’s overwhelming need for power convinces him that the position of the leader should be his. Before Ralph, Roger, and Jack start their climb up the mountain to see the beast, Ralph says something that highlights Jack’s connections to the id throughout the whole book. While Ralph was challenging Jack, the text reads, â€Å"For the first time since he had first known Jack, Ralph could feel him hesitate†(Goldberg 122). This quote backs up the fact that for the most part, Jack had gone through his days on the island acting on instinct without a single hesitation. It was only in this moment of time that Ralph could sense any sort of hesitation from Jack, and it would be the only time.

Free Admissions Essays: This Beautiful Life :: Medicine College Admissions Essays

This Beautiful Life    " We go AIDS unit now." These words were spoken in fragmented English by a tiny Thai woman dressed in a crisp white nurse's uniform, complete with a stiff little hat perched on top of her overly styled black hair, teased and sprayed to perfection. I looked down at the nurse, somewhat startled. I certainly had not expected to be permitted to see into the gruesome reality of taboo Thai culture.    I had come to Lampang, Northern Thailand with nine other American students on my first of several community service programs to the country. By the time we reached the Kanyalyani hospital, we had already experienced our fair share of encounters with the peculiarities of the Thai people and their constant struggle "to keep face" for their country in the eyes of these young farangs (foreigners). Perhaps the reason the Lampang Kanyalyani hospital proved different was because they recognized the hospital lacking in superficial beauty to show off, I reflected, as I glanced at the peeling white walls of the hall, mold formations prospering in the damp corners, and then over to the disarray of rickety wooden chairs cluttered in the center of the cramped room full of sickly people, many of whom would not be treated for hours. "This OK?" confirmed the little nurse. I looked over to my friend, Alex, who was furiously nibbling on his fingernails, a sure sign that he too was nervous. We both nod ded with false enthusiasm, plastering huge fabricated grins across our faces, a habit that we had acquired since arriving; a method for concealing emotion. I took Alex's hand and gave it a reassuring squeeze as we turned to follow our guide across a courtyard overrun with weeds and cluttered with piles of rocks, into a separate building. The sagging roof and high windows, splattered with mud, ( a far cry from the Four Seasons) was not a place I would want to wait to die. I took a deep breath, trembling with both fear and anticipation, and walked through the door that Alex held for me.      When I first scanned the room, it was as if with selective vision. I saw things, but not the people to which they were attached. The high metal beds, the IV drops, the rasping respirator impacted me. I moved in closer, hoping to overcome my reservations.

Becoming a Captain

The Cheerleading Captain plays a very important role on the team. The captain’s experience, attitude, and ability to effectively communicate information effects the team’s success. I believe that I would make a great captain because I possess all of these skills. I am an experienced cheerleader. I have been on the Varsity team for two years. You have taught me what it takes to be on a winning team. It takes hard work, perseverance, never quitting, and a lot of practice. This is invaluable experience for a captain. Also, I have had the privilege of serving as co-captain this past season.This has given me confidence in calling cheers and taught me how to get the whole team’s attention. I have represented Cheer in multiple news interviews. I did not feel very comfortable doing the interviews at first, but this experience has thought me how to represent our squad to the community. Lastly, my two years of cheer combined with four years of all-star competitive cheer ha s allowed me to acquire a solid stunting skill set. I am an excellent second base, and I know how to help other bases in a stunt group so that the flyer can have a stable transition.This knowledge and experience will allow me to teach others if needed. Should you select me as captain I will continue to work on my skills because a captain leads by example. A positive attitude is absolutely required from a captain. And, I have a positive attitude. I will confess there are mornings when I am tired or my body is sore but I show up at the gym on time and begin rolling out the mats, and never complain. This is important because if one person has a negative attitude about something it seems to spread like a virus.A positive leadership attitude is essential to correcting others and motiving those who are slacking. I feel comfortable calling a team member out and telling them what they do not want to hear (but need to hear) if that is what it takes to make our squad better. And, I am quick t o compliment and encourage teammates when I see them doing something good. I have a positive leadership attitude and others respect me because not only do I lead, but I also work just as hard to correct myself when needed. Effective communication skills are essential for a captain.I am organized and detailed which are two necessary characteristics for a good communicator. These are natural characteristics for me that would make it easy as a captain to communicate information to all my team members. Timely and correct information is vital when there are scheduling, uniform, and/or time changes, etc. You and I have a good relationship and communicate well with each other, this will allow us to easily work together. I am good at both text messaging and emailing. No team member would have the excuse of having the wrong information if I was captain.If you select me your Varsity Cheer Captain, I will never think or act like I am above your rules or any of the policies or procedures of â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ High School. I will be a positive role model for the team. I will continue to work on my skills because a captain is not exempt from needing to improve as a competitor. I will demonstrate my experience, positive attitude and effective communication skills if chosen as caption. I am confident, loud, full of energy, and I will make you proud if you chose me.

Native American Influence on the Founding of the US

In telling the history of the rise of the United States and modern democracy, high school history texts typically emphasize the influence of ancient Rome on the founding fathers ideas about what form the new nation would take. Even college and graduate-level political science programs bias towards this, but there is substantial scholarship on the influence the founding fathers derived from Native American governing systems and philosophies. A survey of the documentation demonstrating those influences based on the work of Robert W. Venables and others is telling for what the founders absorbed from Indians and what they intentionally rejected in their crafting of the Articles of Confederation and later the Constitution. Pre-Constitutional Era In the late 1400s when Christian Europeans began to encounter the indigenous inhabitants of the New World, they were forced to come to terms with a new race of people entirely unfamiliar to them. While by the 1600s the natives had captured the Europeans imaginations and knowledge of the Indians was widespread in Europe, their attitudes toward them would be based on comparisons to themselves. These ethnocentric understandings would result in narratives about Indians which would embody the concept of either the noble savage or the brutal savage, but savage regardless of connotation. Examples of these images can be seen throughout European and pre-revolutionary American culture in the works of literature by the likes of Shakespeare (particularly The Tempest), Michel de Montaigne, John Locke, Rousseau, and many others. Benjamin Franklins Views on Native Americans During the years of the Continental Congress and the drafting of the Articles of Confederation, the Founding Father who was by far the most influenced by Native Americans and had bridged the gap between European conceptions (and misconceptions) and real life in the colonies was Benjamin Franklin. Born in 1706 and a newspaper journalist by trade, Franklin wrote on his many years of observations and interactions with natives (most often the Iroquois but also the Delawares and Susquehannas) in a classic essay of literature and history called Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America. In part, the essay is a less than flattering account of Iroquois impressions of the colonists way of life and education system, but more than that the essay is a commentary on the conventions of Iroquois life. Franklin seemed impressed by the Iroquois political system and noted: for all their government is by the Council or advice of the sages; there is no force, there are no prisons, no officers to c ompel obedience, or inflict punishment. Hence they generally study oratory; the best speaker having the most influence in his eloquent description of government by consensus. He also elaborated on Indians sense of courtesy in Council meetings and compared them to the raucous nature of the British House of Commons. In other essays, Benjamin Franklin would elaborate on the superiority of Indian foods, especially corn which he found to be one of the most agreeable and wholesome grains of the world. He would even argue the need for American forces to adopt Indian modes of warfare, which the British had successfully done during the French and Indian war. Influences on the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution In conceiving the ideal form of government, the colonists drew upon European thinkers like Jean Jacques Rousseau, Montesquieu, and John Locke. Locke, in particular, wrote about Indians state of perfect freedom and argued theoretically that power should not derive from a monarch but from the people. But it was the colonists direct observations of the political practices of the Iroquois Confederacy which convinced them how power vested in the people actually produced a functional democracy. According to Venables, the concept of the pursuit of life and liberty are directly attributable to Native influences. However, where Europeans diverged from Indian political theory was in their conceptions of property; the Indian philosophy of communal landholding was diametrically opposed to the European idea of individual private property, and it was the protection of private property that would be the thrust of the Constitution (until the creation of the Bill of Rights, which would return the foc us to the protection of liberty). Overall, however, as Venables argues, the Articles of Confederation would more closely reflect American Indian political theory than the Constitution, ultimately to the detriment of the Indian nations. The Constitution would create a central government in which power would be concentrated, versus the loose confederation of the cooperative but independent Iroquois nations, which much more closely resembled the union created by the Articles. Such concentration of power would enable imperialist expansion of the United States along the lines of the Roman Empire, which the Founding Fathers embraced more than the liberties of the savages, who they saw as inevitably meeting the same fate as their own tribal ancestors in Europe. Ironically, the Constitution would follow the very pattern of British centralization that the colonists rebelled against, despite the lessons they learned from the Iroquois.